What to See in Istanbul: Top Most Significant Sights

Istanbul (formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople) is the largest city in Turkey, the main port and trade-economic center, and the capital of all the empires that have ever been located here. Currently, it is the capital and largest city of Turkey. Istanbul is the only city in the world located on two continents — Europe and Asia.

During five days, I managed to visit all the main sights of the city. This article will cover them. There wasn't enough time to visit the city's museums, and I didn't visit the Asian side, but they say there is nothing special to see there. The weather was favorable (May), with most days being sunny, though there was sometimes a cold, strong wind — however, it is a good time of year to visit the city.

If you have any questions or additions, feel free to leave your comments on the discussion page of the article.

Topkapi Palace

Topkapi Palace was the main palace of the Ottoman Empire until the mid-19th century. It is located in the historical center of Istanbul, on the Sarayburnu promontory, at the junction of the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn with the Sea of Marmara. This palace was the political, cultural, and administrative center of the Ottoman Empire for four centuries.

The construction of the palace began in 1460 at the command of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror after the conquest of Constantinople. The construction site was near the majestic Hagia Sophia. Completed in 1478, the palace became a symbol of the powerful Ottoman Empire. It housed the sultans' luxurious chambers and stored untold treasures, including the imperial treasury. Gifts from ambassadors and rulers from various countries were also brought here, making the palace an important historical monument reflecting the cultural diversity of that time.

Next to the palace is the Gulhane Park, famous for its gardens, fountains, and waterfalls, where one can stroll and enjoy the view of the Bosphorus. The line for tickets is quite long, and you can only enter the palace after passing through numerous halls with historical artifacts. However, be prepared that not all the artifacts will be as impressive.

Photos of Topkapi Palace

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia (formerly the Patriarchal Orthodox Cathedral, later a mosque, now a museum) is a world-renowned monument of Byzantine architecture, symbolizing the "golden age" of Byzantium. This structure combines elements of both Christian and Islamic cultures. The official name of the monument today is the Hagia Sophia Museum.

The cathedral was built in 537 and served as the main Christian church of Byzantium for nearly a thousand years. After the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, it was converted into a mosque. Inside, magnificent mosaics depicting saints, as well as reliefs and images characteristic of the Orthodox faith, have been preserved. Over the centuries, the Ottoman Empire's rulers showed tolerance towards Christian elements in the interior, allowing modern visitors to enjoy the cultural heritage of both religions.

Photos of Hagia Sophia

Blue Mosque

Blue Mosque (or Sultan Ahmed Mosque) is one of the most remarkable mosques in the world and a symbol of Istanbul. Its stunning architecture and majestic domes attract tourists from all over the world. The mosque is located opposite Hagia Sophia, which makes it even more iconic. This masterpiece was built in 1609 by the order of Sultan Ahmed I to enhance the prestige of the Ottoman Empire during a period of several unsuccessful military conflicts.

The history of this mosque is closely linked to the history of Istanbul. The Blue Mosque is one of the city's symbols and was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Photos of Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque)

Suleymaniye Mosque

Suleymaniye Mosque is the second most important and the largest mosque in Istanbul. This incredible architectural structure, designed by the famous architect Sinan, represents one of the best examples of Ottoman architecture. The mosque's construction was completed in 1557. Inside the mosque, you can admire stunning stained glass windows, massive columns, and majestic arches.

Surprisingly, despite its size and architectural features, the Suleymaniye Mosque has withstood 89 earthquakes without significant damage due to its unique construction technology and foundation filled with water. This architectural ensemble has become not only a place of worship but also an important cultural and educational center of the Ottoman Empire.

Photos of Suleymaniye Mosque

Princes' Islands

Princes' Islands (Turkish: Kızıl Adalar, "Red Islands") is a group of islands in the Sea of Marmara, just 1.5 hours away by boat from Istanbul. These islands are the perfect place for relaxation and walks away from the hustle and bustle of the city. The largest of them, Adalar, attracts tourists with its historical heritage and natural beauty. There are no cars on the islands, and transportation is only by bicycles and carriages.

The islands have many restaurants and cafes where you can taste fresh seafood and traditional Turkish dishes. Ride a bike or take a carriage to enjoy the views and the atmosphere.

Photos of Adalar Island near Istanbul

Galata Tower

Galata Tower is a medieval tower offering breathtaking panoramic views of the city. The tower is located on one of the highest hills in Istanbul and is a popular spot for tourists. The wait in line can be long, but the view from the top is worth it.

The tower was built in 1348 by the Genoese as part of the city's fortifications and served as a watchtower. Over different historical periods, it has served various functions: during the Ottoman era, it was used as a prison and also as a lighthouse for ships passing through the Bosphorus. The tower has several levels, including an observation deck offering incredible views of Istanbul, including the Bosphorus, the Galata Bridge, and the Golden Horn.

The tower is 66.9 meters tall, and from its summit, you can see not only the ancient parts of the city but also modern skyscrapers. In the 1960s, the Galata Tower was restored and turned into one of the city's main tourist attractions. Today, there are restaurants and cafes where visitors can not only enjoy delicious food but also admire the majestic view of Istanbul.

Anyone who climbs to the observation deck will feel the atmosphere of ancient Istanbul and see the city from a unique height.

Photos of Galata Tower

Bosphorus Tour

Bosphorus Tour is a unique opportunity to see Istanbul from the water. On the ferry, you can enjoy not only the city's historical landmarks but also stunning views of the Bosphorus, which divides Europe and Asia. This strait is about 30 kilometers long and connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, playing an important role in international navigation and trade.

The Bosphorus is famous for its picturesque landscapes, where, against the backdrop of the calm water, you will see not only ancient palaces and castles but also modern parts of the city. The strait also has immense strategic importance, being a crucial waterway for shipping and naval operations.

One of the most famous symbols of the Bosphorus is the bridge across the strait — the Bosphorus Bridge, which connects the European and Asian parts of the city. The bridge has become one of Turkey's largest engineering feats, with a length of over 1 kilometer, and its height allows large ships to pass beneath it.

The Bosphorus is also home to many species of fish and marine creatures, and it's common to see both shark fins and dolphins in its waters, making the journey even more exciting. Throughout history, the Bosphorus has attracted not only merchants and sailors but also artists, writers, and travelers, becoming one of the most inspiring natural objects in the world.

Bosphorus Strait Tour

That’s the trip. If you have anything to add, feel free to sign up and write!!! I’ll also be happy to answer any questions you have, which you can leave on the discussion page! Have a great trip!

Conclusion

Istanbul is not only a bridge between two continents but also a city with a rich historical and cultural heritage. In this amazing place, Eastern traditions and Western influences intertwine, creating a unique atmosphere.

Whether you are interested in history, architecture, or nature, Istanbul is always ready to offer something special. I hope this guide helped you better understand the city's main landmarks and will inspire you to travel to the heart of Turkey.